Founder of the Order of Gilbertines, b. at Sempringham, on the border
of the Lincolnshire fens, between Bourn and Heckington. The exact date
of his birth is unknown, but it lies between 1083 and 1089; d. at
Sempringham, 1189. His father, Jocelin, was a wealthy Norman knight
holding lands in Lincolnshire; his mother, name unknown, was an
Englishwoman of humble rank. Being ill-favoured and deformed, he was not
destined for a military or knightly career, but was sent to France to
study. After spending some time abroad, where he became a teacher, he
returned as a young man to his Lincolnshire home, and was presented to
the livings of Sempringham and Tirington, which were churches in his
father's gift. Shortly afterwards he betook himself to the court of
Robert Bloet, Bishop of Lincoln, where he became a clerk in the
episcopal household. Robert was succeeded in 1123 by Alexander, who
retained Gilbert in his service ordaining him deacon and priest much
against his will. The revenues of Sempringham had to suffice for his
maintenance in the court of the bishop; those of Tirington he devoted to
the poor. Offered the archdeaconry of Lincoln, he refused, saying that
he knew no surer way to perdition. In 1131 he returned to Sempringham
and, is father being dead, became lord of the manor and lands. lt was in
this year that he founded the Gilbertine Order, which he was the first
is "Master", and constructed at Sempringham, with the help of Alexander,
a dwelling and cloister for his nuns, at the north of the church of St.
Andrew.
His life henceforth became one of extraordinary austerity, its
strictness not diminishing as he grew older, though the activity and
fatigue caused by the government of the order were considerable. In 1147
he travelled to Citeaux, in Burgundy, where he met Eugene III, St
Bernard, and St. Malachy, Archbishop of Armagh. The pope expressed
regret at not having known of him some years previously when choosing a
successor to the deposed Archbishop of York. In 1165 he was summoned
before Henry II's justices at Westminster and was charged with having
sent help to the exiled St. Thomas a Becket. To clear himself he was
invited to take an oath that he had not done so. He refused, for, though
as a matter of fact he had not sent help, an oath to that effect might
make him appear an enemy to the archbishop. He was prepared for a
sentence of exile, when letters came from the king in Normandy, ordering
the judges to await his return. In 1170, when Gilbert was already a
very old man, some of his lay-brothers revolted and spread serious
calumnies against him. After some years of fierce controversy on the
subject, in which Henry II took his part, Alexander III freed him from
suspicion, and confirmed the privileges granted to the order. Advancing
age induced Gilbert to give up the government of his order. He appointed
as his successor Roger, prior of Malton. Very infirm and almost blind,
he now made his religious profession, for though he had founded an order
and ruled it for many yeas he had never become a religious in the
strict sense. Twelve years after his death, at the earnest request of
Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury, he was canonized by Innocent
III, and his relics were solemnly translated to an honourable place in
the church at Sempringham, his shrine becoming a centre of pilgrimage.
Besides the compiIation ot his rule, he has left in little treatise
entitled "De constructione monasteriorum". His feast is kept in the
Roman calendar on 11 February.
R. Urban Butler (Catholic Encyclopedia)
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